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Adenosine A A agonists have been shown to significantly redu
2025-02-06
Adenosine A2A agonists have been shown to significantly reduce albuminuria in diabetic mice as well as plasma creatinine [24]. Proteinuria was greater in diabetic A2A knock-out (KO) mice than diabetic wild type (WT) mice [24]. Consistent with these findings, our laboratory initially found that prote
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To date the molecular responses of AChE have been
2025-02-06
To date, the molecular responses of AChE have been partially analyzed in its mRNA level or protein activity in aquatic animals. To understand the correlation between transcriptional change and activity of AChE, we conducted both experiments in B. koreanus. Generally, the Ceralasertib patterns of th
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REM sleep is proposed to create an
2025-02-06
REM sleep is proposed to create an environment to facilitate plasticity processes that create a generalized downregulation of synaptic strength (Grosmark et al., 2012; Tononi and Cirelli, 2014), while synapses are upregulated specifically by the reactivation of neuronal firing sequences experienced
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Cyclo(RGDyK) br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br
2025-02-06
STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Antony M. Dean for initial discussions and encouragement concerning ancestral sequence reconstruction. We also thank Natalie K. Goto for constructive criticism concerning the manuscript, Steven M. Sine for providing Cyclo(RGDyK) re
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Anti LT therapy by LO inhibition has
2025-02-06
Anti-LT therapy by 5-LO inhibition has been hampered by occurring liver toxicities by Zileuton or the clinical phase II compound Atreleuton [36], [37] However both compounds possess a thiophene as well as an N-hydroxyurea moiety. These features could be linked with reactive thiophene intermediates [
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The srd a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in earl
2025-02-06
The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role in
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Tumor tissues often experience hypoxia
2025-02-05
Tumor tissues often experience hypoxia owing to accelerated growth rates of malignant cells, accumulation of metabolic products, disorganization of tumor blood vessels, and high interstitial fluid pressures (Makino et al., 2001). In response to AAD treatment, tumor vascular density often decreases t
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br AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has
2025-02-05
AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has attracted considerable attention within the past decades, owing to the capacity of pharmacological compounds (e.g., 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR] and metformin) or natural compounds (e.g., resveratrol) to activate AMPK in
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It was also shown that
2025-02-05
It was also shown that 15% of crizotinib resistance mechanisms can be due to an amplification of ALK gene while 30% are caused by a variety of secondary mutations (S1206Y, G1202R, L1196M, C1156Y, G1269A, L1152R, F1174L and 1151Tins) in ALK tyrosine kinase. These mutations can modify the conformation
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According to average serum fat
2025-02-05
According to average serum fat content of 6.9 g/L (Phillips et al., 1989) and serum dioxin level from individuals exposed to dioxins as the result of accidents in Seveso (Needham et al., 1997), Taiwan (Guo et al., 2004) and Vietnam (The Tai et al., 2011) the median serum concentration of TCDD would
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In addition to the above
2025-02-05
In addition to the above-mentioned synaptic mechanisms, the serotonergic system also has a critical role in the antidepressant effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists. Indeed, we previously reported that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe
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Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of
2025-02-05
Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of soluble NTPDases, 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in rat blood serum as well as in human blood (Doleski et al., 2016; Oses et al., 2004; Yegutkin, 1997; Yegutkin et al., 2007). In addition, our earlier reports have shown that these membrane-
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Ethanol can affect biological systems directly
2025-02-05
Ethanol can affect biological systems directly, or also through the interactions between these systems, which become important in the actions promoted by alcohol consumption. Its metabolites acetaldehyde and acetate play a key role in the Papain Inhibitor mediating some effects of ethanol (Israel e
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NLX a k a F or befiradol exhibits nanomolar affinity
2025-02-05
NLX-112 (a.k.a. F13640 or befiradol), exhibits nanomolar affinity at 5-HT1A receptors, and, in Nitric oxide donor to the 5-HT1A receptor agonists listed above, it presents exceptional selectivity and high efficacy at these receptors (Colpaert et al., 2002, Newman-Tancredi et al., 2017). Additionall
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Senescence β-Galactosidase assay br Materials and methods br
2025-02-03
Materials and methods Results Discussion Recent studies have highlighted Senescence β-Galactosidase assay and autophagy as novel targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis [7,14]. In this study, we demonstrated that catalpol protected the rat liver from CCl4-caused injury and fibrogenesis
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